Groundsense

How every figure is measured

Every figure on the map and on the council pages, with where it comes from, the period it covers, the geography it is true at and how much of the country it reaches. Where a figure is missing for a council, the reason is here. Figures fetched 3 October 2026.

Scores on the map place each figure between the council a twentieth of the way up from the bottom and the one a twentieth of the way down from the top. It is not a rank. A council with no published figure is shown as having none, never given a neighbour's.

Cost of living

Council tax, band D

Source
MHCLG, Council Tax levels set by local authorities in England 2026-27, Table 9
Publisher
Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government
Period
2026-27
Geography
Billing authority
Coverage
296 of the 296 councils in England

Includes the county, police and fire precepts. Table 9, not the Table 8a average across bands, which answers a different question.

Housing

Average house price, all homes

Source
UK House Price Index
Publisher
HM Land Registry with Registers of Scotland, LPS Northern Ireland and ONS
Period
June 2026
Geography
Local authority
Coverage
360 of the 361 councils in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland

The average price across every type of home, as UK HPI publishes it, not the price of a typical three bedroom house.

What changed, June 2025 to June 2026

The change in the average price over twelve months, as UK HPI publishes it. Neither good nor bad in itself: it depends whether you are buying or selling.

Average monthly rent, two bedrooms

Source
ONS Price Index of Private Rents
Publisher
Office for National Statistics
Period
August 2026
Geography
Local authority
Coverage
316 of the 318 councils in England and Wales

The average rent across private tenancies already running as well as new ones, so it reads below what a new let in the same place is advertised at. Official statistics in development. Scotland is published by rental market area rather than by council. The latest months for Northern Ireland are not available. So neither nation is here.

What changed, August 2025 to August 2026

The change in the average two bedroom rent over twelve months, as ONS publishes it, across tenancies already running as well as new ones.

Price to local earnings

Source
UK House Price Index average price (June 2026) over ASHE median gross annual pay, full time workers (2025)
Publisher
HM Land Registry and ONS, via NOMIS
Period
June 2026 prices, 2025 pay
Geography
Local authority
Coverage
348 of the 350 councils in England, Scotland and Wales

How many years of one full time salary the average home costs. NOT the ONS housing affordability ratio, which divides the MEDIAN price by the same pay figure and covers England and Wales only. UK HPI publishes an average, so this number will not match the ONS one and does not use its name. ASHE covers Great Britain, so Northern Ireland is blank rather than estimated.

Energy efficiency score of the typical home

Source
ONS, Energy efficiency of housing, median score by local authority, from MHCLG certificates
Publisher
Office for National Statistics
Period
to March 2025
Geography
Local authority
Coverage
318 of the 318 councils in England and Wales

The middle home's score on the scale energy certificates use, where band C starts at 69, B at 81 and A at 92. Each home counts once, by its latest certificate from the ten years before. A home only gets one when it is built, sold or let, so homes nobody has moved in or out of for ten years are not in it. Scotland and Northern Ireland keep their own registers.

Transport

Households with no car or van

Source
Census 2021: ONS TS045 for England and Wales, NISRA for Northern Ireland
Publisher
Office for National Statistics and NISRA
Period
2021
Geography
Local authority
Coverage
329 of the 329 councils in England, Wales and Northern Ireland

The share of households with no car or van. A high number means living here without one is normal rather than unusual. The same question in the same census, run by ONS in England and Wales and by NISRA in Northern Ireland. Scotland held its census a year later and is not here yet.

Residents within 1km of a train, Underground or tram station

Source
DfT NaPTAN active stations, read at every census area
Publisher
Department for Transport, with census geography from ONS and NRS
Period
October 2026
Geography
Local authority, from its census areas
Coverage
350 of the 350 councils in England, Scotland and Wales

The share of the council's census areas whose population centre is within a kilometre, in a straight line, of an active rail, Underground, metro or tram station: about twelve minutes on foot if the streets ran straight, which they rarely do. A station is a stop, not a service, so a halt with two trains a day counts like a terminus. Northern Ireland's stations are not in the DfT register, so it is not here.

Amenities

Residents within 1km of a supermarket

Source
Food Standards Agency register of food businesses, read at every census area
Publisher
Food Standards Agency, with census geography from ONS, NRS and NISRA
Period
October 2026
Geography
Local authority, from its census areas
Coverage
358 of the 361 councils in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland

The share of the council's census areas whose population centre is within a kilometre, in a straight line, of a business registered with the Food Standards Agency as a supermarket. Businesses choose their own type, so the larger convenience chains are in and the corner shop is not. Councils differ in how they file them. Where a council's register holds no supermarkets at all, as in Armagh City, Banbridge and Craigavon, Derry City and Strabane, Fermanagh and Omagh, it has filed them under another type, so it is left blank rather than shown as having none. Those registered without a location are placed by their postcode; 185 could not be placed either way.

Residents within 1km of a pharmacy

Source
NHS organisation register, dispensing contractors, read at every census area
Publisher
NHS England, with census geography from ONS
Period
October 2026
Geography
Local authority, from its census areas
Coverage
318 of the 318 councils in England and Wales

The share of the council's census areas whose population centre is within a kilometre, in a straight line, of an open pharmacy. The list includes the few that only post medicines, which no one can walk into. Scotland and Northern Ireland keep their own lists, not added here yet.

Premises with full fibre available

Source
Ofcom Connected Nations 2025, fixed broadband residential coverage by local authority
Publisher
Ofcom
Period
July 2025
Geography
Local authority
Coverage
359 of the 361 councils in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland

The share of residential premises that CAN get full fibre, not the share that has bought it. Ofcom publishes how many have taken it up separately. It is much lower.

Education

Eleven year olds at the expected standard in reading, writing and maths

Source
DfE, Key stage 2 attainment by pupil residency
Publisher
Department for Education
Period
2025/26
Geography
Local authority, by where pupils live
Coverage
296 of the 296 councils in England

The share of the children living here who reached the expected standard in all three of reading, writing and maths in the tests at the end of primary school, 2025/26, wherever they went to school. It says as much about who lives in a place as about its schools. Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland do not sit these tests.

What changed, 2018/19 to 2025/26

The change in percentage points between 2018/19 and 2025/26. 2018/19 was the last year of tests before the pandemic. Councils formed since then are left out, because a share cannot be rebuilt from the districts they replaced.

Attainment 8 at sixteen, average score

Source
DfE, Key stage 4 performance, local authority district data by pupil residency
Publisher
Department for Education
Period
2024/25
Geography
Local authority, by where pupils live
Coverage
296 of the 296 councils in England

Attainment 8 adds up a pupil's GCSE grades across eight subject slots, with English and maths counted twice, so it runs to 90. For the children living here, wherever they went to school. Like any raw result it reflects intake as much as teaching, which is what Progress 8 was built to correct. Progress 8 is not published for 2024/25 because these pupils sat no tests at eleven, in 2020. England only.

Health

Patients per fully qualified GP

Source
NHS England, General Practice Workforce, practice level, August 2026
Publisher
NHS England
Period
August 2026
Geography
Local authority, by where each practice is
Coverage
296 of the 296 councils in England

Registered patients over the full time equivalent of fully qualified GPs, partners, salaried GPs and locums but not trainees, at the practices in the council. People register where they choose, often across a boundary. 41 practices holding 207,000 patients gave no GP figure and are left out rather than counted as having no doctors. Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland publish their own.

GP practices rated Good or Outstanding

Source
CQC Syndication API, GP practices (inspection category P2)
Publisher
Care Quality Commission
Period
October 2026
Geography
The county where England is two tier, the council elsewhere
Coverage
293 of the 296 councils in England

Of the practices CQC has actually rated. Where a county runs the area rather than the district, CQC reports against the county and every district inside it shows the county figure, because that is the level it is true at. Practices inspected but not rated are counted in neither half. Nor are those never inspected, because treating a new surgery as a bad one would punish an authority for having one. Authorities with fewer than five rated practices are left blank rather than given a percentage that swings on a single inspection.

Safety

Recorded crime per 1,000 residents

Source
Home Office recorded crime by community safety partnership, over ONS population estimates for June 2025
Publisher
Home Office and ONS, via NOMIS
Period
2025-26
Geography
Community safety partnership, which is the council itself except where several share one
Coverage
305 of the 318 councils in England and Wales

Crimes the police recorded from April 2025 to March 2026, which is not every crime committed: some are never reported and forces record differently. Fraud is not here, because it is recorded nationally rather than by place. Crime a force could not place in any partnership is left out, so an area reads low by up to the share its own force could not place: Humberside 10%, Dyfed-Powys 8%, the Metropolitan Police 5%. Kent Police could not place 44% of the crime it recorded, so its 13 councils are blank rather than shown at well under the truth. Where several councils share a community safety partnership, each shows the partnership's figure, because that is the smallest area the Home Office counts. The City of London's rate divides its crime by a very small number of residents, when most of the people it happens to work there or are visiting. Scotland and Northern Ireland count crime under different rules, so they are not on this scale.

What changed, 2022-23 to 2025-26

The change in the number of crimes recorded between 2022-23 and 2025-26, both full years, from the same files. Earlier years are left alone because 2020 and 2021 were lockdown years and anything compared against them rises. Councils whose force changed how much crime it could place in a partnership by more than two points between the two years are left out, because the change would be a filing change: that takes in the Met, Kent, Humberside and Dyfed-Powys. A rise in RECORDED crime can mean a force has got better at recording as well as more crime: Devon and Cornwall and Avon and Somerset both recorded about a fifth more across the whole force.

Residential burglary per 1,000 households

Source
Home Office recorded crime by community safety partnership, over Census 2021 household counts
Publisher
Home Office and ONS
Period
2025-26
Geography
Community safety partnership, which is the council itself except where several share one
Coverage
305 of the 318 councils in England and Wales

Burglary of homes and of the sheds and garages that go with them, from April 2025 to March 2026. The police have counted the two together since April 2023. Divided by the number of households in the 2021 census, the newest count of homes made the same way across England and Wales, so a place that has built a lot since then reads slightly high. Crime a force could not place in any partnership is left out, so an area reads low by up to the share its own force could not place: Humberside 10%, Dyfed-Powys 8%, the Metropolitan Police 5%. Kent Police could not place 44% of the crime it recorded, so its 13 councils are blank rather than shown at well under the truth. Where several councils share a community safety partnership, each shows the partnership's figure, because that is the smallest area the Home Office counts.

Killed or seriously injured on the roads, per 100,000 residents a year

Source
DfT RAS0403, adjusted casualties by highway authority, 2023 to 2025, over ONS population estimates for June 2025
Publisher
Department for Transport and ONS
Period
2023 to 2025
Geography
Highway authority: the county where it runs the roads, the council elsewhere
Coverage
350 of the 350 councils in England, Scotland and Wales

A yearly average over 2023 to 2025, counted where each collision happened, so a council crossed by a busy trunk road counts the travellers hurt on it as well as its own people. DfT adjusts serious injuries for the forces that changed how they record severity, so every force is counted alike. DfT warns that 2023 may be incomplete for Avon and Somerset and for Staffordshire. Where a county runs the roads, every district in it shows the county's figure. Northern Ireland's police publish their own figures, so it is not here.

Community

Residents at the same address a year earlier

Source
ONS Census 2021, TS019 Migrant indicator
Publisher
Office for National Statistics
Period
2021
Geography
Local authority
Coverage
318 of the 318 councils in England and Wales

The share of residents aged one and over living at the same address a year before the census. A low figure means a place people pass through: students, new building, short lets. The census was taken in March 2021, during a lockdown, which slowed moving everywhere. Scotland held its census a year later. Northern Ireland's is not added here yet.

Pubs, bars and licensed clubs per 10,000 residents

Source
ONS UK Business Counts, SIC 56301 and 56302, over ONS population estimates for June 2025
Publisher
Office for National Statistics, via NOMIS
Period
2026
Geography
Local authority
Coverage
361 of the 361 councils in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland

Counted from the business register, which holds every business registered for VAT or PAYE. ONS rounds each count to the nearest five, so a small council moves in steps of five. Licensed clubs are where working men's clubs, British Legion branches and sports club bars are filed. Places that live on visitors, the City of London above all, read high against the few people who actually live there.

What changed, 2021 to 2026

The change in the number of pubs, bars and licensed clubs on the business register over five years. ONS rounds each count to the nearest five, so councils with fewer than twenty at the start are left out.

Wellbeing

Life satisfaction, mean out of 10

Source
ONS, personal wellbeing estimates by local authority
Publisher
Office for National Statistics
Period
2022-23
Geography
Local authority
Coverage
347 of the 361 councils in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland

Mean of answers to "Overall, how satisfied are you with your life nowadays?" on a 0 to 10 scale. A survey estimate, so it carries sampling error the headline does not show.

Anxiety, mean out of 10

Source
ONS, personal wellbeing estimates by local authority
Publisher
Office for National Statistics
Period
2022-23
Geography
Local authority
Coverage
347 of the 361 councils in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland

Mean of answers to "Overall, how anxious did you feel yesterday?" on a 0 to 10 scale, where a LOW number is the better one.

Healthy life expectancy at birth, women

Source
ONS, Healthy life expectancy, UK
Publisher
Office for National Statistics
Period
2022 to 2024
Geography
The county in two tier England, the council elsewhere
Coverage
359 of the 361 councils in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland

The years a girl born here could expect to live in good health, on the death rates and the health people reported in 2022 to 2024. ONS publishes the figure for men too. The good health half comes from a survey, so a small place carries a wide margin. In two tier England ONS publishes the county. Every district in it shows the county's figure.

What changed, 2011 to 2013 to 2022 to 2024

The change in the years a girl born here could expect to live in good health, between the first and the newest three year periods ONS publishes, both on today's boundaries.

Environment

Park and public garden space within 1km of the average home

Source
ONS, Access to public parks and playing fields, from OS Open Greenspace
Publisher
Office for National Statistics
Period
April 2020
Geography
Local authority, homes in towns and villages
Coverage
343 of the 350 councils in England, Scotland and Wales

The combined area of parks and public gardens within a kilometre, about twelve minutes on foot, of the average home, in hectares. Only homes in built up areas are counted, so a rural council is measured by its towns and villages. Playing fields are left out because many are private. Councils formed since April 2020 are blank, because an average over homes cannot be rebuilt from the districts they replaced.

Nitrogen dioxide where people live, annual mean

Source
Defra Pollution Climate Mapping, background NO2 on the 1km grid, read at every census area
Publisher
Defra UK-AIR, with census geography from ONS, NRS and NISRA
Period
2024
Geography
Local authority, averaged over its census areas
Coverage
361 of the 361 councils in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland

Modelled background air, the air of the neighbourhood rather than the kerb: a home on a busy road breathes more than this. Read at the square kilometre under each census area, at its population centre in England and Wales and its middle in Scotland and Northern Ireland, then averaged across the council, so a town counts for more than the empty hills around it. The legal limit for the year is 40 micrograms per cubic metre and the World Health Organization guideline is 10.

What changed, 2019 to 2024

The change in modelled background nitrogen dioxide over five years, read at the same census areas both times. Each year is Defra's model of that year. The model is revised from time to time, so treat a small change as no change.